{"id":344,"date":"2020-06-13T18:52:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-13T22:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/?p=344"},"modified":"2020-06-13T18:52:34","modified_gmt":"2020-06-13T22:52:34","slug":"canada-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/13\/canada-malaysia\/","title":{"rendered":"The Best Article You&#8217;ll Ever Read About Malaysia&#8217;s Workplace Safety Guidelines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>It\u2019s summer in New Jersey, which means I\u2019m trying to adjust to a staggering degree of humidity. Stepping outside at all is like wrapping myself in a layer of wet wool, and sticking my head in a steamer basket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019m trying to balance things out with some exceptionally dry reading. The documents I\u2019ve been combing through are at the intersection of academic research and government policy. Woo! They are papers that even the <em>authors<\/em> likely complain about reading. Either I have the <em>worst<\/em> summer vacation ideas, or it\u2019s time for me to get a real job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can probably glean from my recent articles about <a href=\"https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/08\/standing-in-the-workplace-niosh-weighs-in\/\">NIOSH\u2019s assessments of standing risks<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/03\/are-you-standing-in-the-red-zone\/\">Dutch OR assistants<\/a>, I\u2019ve been reading up on the occupational hazards of standing at work, and recommendations for minimizing the risks. Various governments have weighed in, although their publications vary greatly in terms of usefulness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada and Malaysia, which are two countries I\u2019ve never grouped together before, both offered surprisingly useful information on standing and working. The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) has a concise and user-friendly fact sheet about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccohs.ca\/oshanswers\/ergonomics\/standing\/standing_basic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">working in a standing position.<\/a> And Malaysia\u2019s Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) offers useful guidelines on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dosh.gov.my\/index.php\/legislation\/guidelines\/ergonomic\/606-04-guidelines-on-occupational-safety-and-health-for-standing-at-work-2002\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">occupational safety and health for standing at work<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bizarrely, the U.S.\u2019s Occupational Safety &amp; Health Administration (OSHA) only mentions prolonged standing in the context of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/SLTC\/youth\/restaurant\/drivethru_standing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">teenage drive-thru workers<\/a>. Strangely, prolonged standing is <em>not<\/em> listed as a risk for those involved in cooking, food prep, or service. And adult workers seemed to be presumed immune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is article is my attempt to summarize very boring, government-sponsored, information into a slightly-less-boring format that is, at any rate, shorter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is This Related to Sitting Disabilities?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I spent a lot of time answering the question, \u201cSo this matters\u2026why?\u201d when doing this research. Admittedly the connection between occupational safety guidelines and sitting disabilities is indirect, but my hope is that this information is useful when discussing accommodations with employers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ve mainly worked in traditional office jobs, which, physically speaking, do not have much in common with the industrial or manufacturing jobs that most of this occupational safety data addresses. This might be why my HR department seemed unaware that standing for 8+ hours a day might not be the best choice for my overall health. Had I brought data on the actual risks, they might have been more willing to discuss alternatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Are the Health Consequences of Standing Jobs?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sore feet<\/li><li>Varicose veins &amp; chronic venous insufficiency<\/li><li>Low back pain (including spine and disc problems)<\/li><li>Swelling of the legs (edema)<\/li><li>Fatigue<\/li><li>Degeneration of tendons and ligaments<\/li><li>Neck and shoulder pain<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Factors Make Standing Jobs Worse?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Staying in uncomfortable postures for long periods of time (e.g., hunched over, neck or elbows bent at an awkward angle).<\/li><li>Inability to take frequent, short breaks, or move around to relieve discomfort. (The Malaysian guidelines use 10 minutes as the rule-of-thumb for the maximum amount of time a worker should be expected to stand without moving or resting the legs.)<\/li><li>Standing on a hard floor and\/or wearing poor shoes.<\/li><li>Using a workstation that can\u2019t be adjusted to the worker\u2019s height.<\/li><li>Doing a job that requires frequent awkward movements (e.g., reaching above the head, or keeping tools out of arm\u2019s reach.)<\/li><li>Wearing heavy clothing (e.g., heavy aprons, or cold-weather gear).<\/li><li>Individual health conditions, such as obesity, pregnancy, previous injuries, arthritis, or bone diseases.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Interventions Help?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I was not privy to any of the behind-the-scenes conversations that went into creating these guidelines. But an important, unstated criteria for all of them seems to be, \u201cWhat interventions are cheap, quick, and easy for employers to roll out?\u201d The interventions listed in all these sources may not be the absolute <em>best<\/em> options for improving workers\u2019 health, but they are the most practical for employers to adopt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Noticeably absent from these lists are measures like improved training for workers and managers, and re-designed machinery that takes human needs into account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, many workers may not mind some quick-and-easy options either.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>When possible, let workers use a chair or sit-stand stool. (This is obviously only helpful if an employee is able to both sit and stand.)<\/li><li>Include a footstool, grate, or low railing in each workstation for workers to rest their feet on.<\/li><li>Use pliable flooring materials like cork, rubber, or carpeting, or anti-fatigue mats.<\/li><li>Rotate workers frequently among different types of tasks. The goal is to minimize worker fatigue by preventing too much strain to any particular body part.<\/li><li>Encourage workers to take frequent breaks.<\/li><li>Make sure the workstation fits the worker. This means that the work surface is adjustable or appropriate for the worker\u2019s height. Frequently needed tools should be kept close at hand. Work should be done close to the body, and should not require stooping or awkward postures.<\/li><li>For close or detail work, workers may need elbow or wrist rests. Proper lighting is essential.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Workplace Culture, Psychosocial Factors, and Pain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Much Do Employers Care?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s easy to see how the layout of a particular workstation or the physical demands of a job could lead directly to health problems. But the fuzzier elements of workplace culture and management can also have an effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Malaysian guidelines lay out a clear system for workplaces to evaluate the risks to employees and work to minimize them. This is an important and useful tool, no doubt. However, while reading through the guidelines, it struck me that unless an employer was truly committed to the health of their employees, it would be easy to sweep legitimate problems under the rug and <em>still<\/em> make the company look good on paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a perfect world, companies would review their employees\u2019 health records <em>before<\/em> assigning them to a task, and would try to make sure workers were not exposed to unnecessary risks. They would also encourage employees to report pain and injuries, and use that feedback to improve working conditions. They would realize that frequent injuries or a drop in workers\u2019 productivity was likely due to working conditions, and they would try to address the source of the problem without blaming the worker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I only have anecdotal data to back this up, but it seems to me that many, maybe most, employers would obey the letter of the law but not the spirit. In the U.S., workplace injuries (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2016\/05\/25\/479509221\/we-dont-know-how-many-workers-are-injured-at-slaughterhouses-heres-why\" target=\"_blank\">specifically in meatpacking plants<\/a>) are often under reported. This is partly due to the manipulation of data by canny employers, who offload many of the risks onto contractors or disadvantaged employees (who are less likely to pursue legal recourse).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They also (to put it charitably), do not encourage workers to report injuries, and are less than helpful when they do. And some companies (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2019\/11\/amazon-warehouse-reports-show-worker-injuries\/602530\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">looking at you, Amazon<\/a>) barely pretend to care about worker injuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psychosocial Factors: Do They Matter?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Malaysia guidelines also briefly mention psychosocial factors as important concerns. To quote the guidelines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>There is increasing evidence that psychosocial factors related to the job and work environment play a role in the development of work related musculoskeletal disorders. Finding suggest perceptions of intensified workload, monotonous work, limited job control, low social support are associated with various work related musculoskeletal disorders. Psychosocial factors should be taken into consideration when performing risk assessment at a workplace.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alas, sources for this assertion are not given.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ve seen echoes of this sentiment in other documents, and it always gets my hackles raised. Blaming psychosocial factors for musculoskeletal concerns seems, to me, a convenient way to blame workers\u2019 health conditions on their own poor attitudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ve seen a few examples of studies, particularly about back pain, that <em>do<\/em> show an association between psychosocial factors and pain. However, the associations tend to be relatively modest, and the reason for the connection is still not well understood. I confess this isn\u2019t a great specialty of mine, and it\u2019s possible that data exists that would get me to change my mind. But so far, I haven\u2019t seen it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019m speculating here, but it seems more reasonable to assume that people who are in pain would naturally be more likely to complain about poor working conditions. In any case, I have yet to be convinced that psychosocial factors really are important to the development of injury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I don&#8217;t have any powerful thoughts to leave you with, so instead, here&#8217;s a picture of a moose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"http:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of a Canadian bull moose.\" class=\"wp-image-346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-1040x693.jpg 1040w, https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/myuprightlife.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/moose.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Moose.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Canada and Malaysia, which are two countries I\u2019ve never grouped together before, both offered surprisingly useful information on standing and working.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[66,67,17,68],"class_list":["post-344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sitting-disabilities","tag-canada","tag-malaysia","tag-sitting-disability","tag-workplace-safety-guidelines","post-archive"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Best Article You&#039;ll Ever Read About Malaysia&#039;s Workplace Safety Guidelines | My Upright Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Canada and Malaysia, which are 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